Control of the Wine Industry
Control of the Wine IndustryAuthor: Sarah MartinPrior to the eighteenth century the wine trade was in the hands of small individual merchants, and establishments on the scale of modern bodegas were entirely unknown; there was no continuity of name and no records of individual merchants have survived. Only one modern firm-J. M. Rivero-can trace its direct ancestry to an earlier period. This house has been trading at least since 1653. Its trademark is CZ, and the initials stand for Cabeza y Zarco, the family name of Don Pedro Alonso Cabeza de Aranda y Zarco, who was its founder. One of his descendants, Don Antonio Cabeza de Aranda (who was created Marques de Montana by Royal Decree in 1775) took Don Francisco Antonio de la Fixera into partnership. Don Francisco's grand-daughter married Don Pedro Agustin Rivero, whose decendants still own the business.
Many valuable archives have been preserved, including marble coasters (http://www.thirstycoasters.com/servlet/-strse-Cats-&-Dogs/Categories), letter books dating from 1734, and account books from 1802, which record the names of many British merchants trading in Andalusia. Commercial records dating back to this period are rare, as much of the business was done by word of mouth, to avoid the royal taxes. The oldest established of the many bodegas founded by immigrants from the British Isles appears to be that of Rafael O'Neale.
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